Mitochondria are found all over the body, but their concentration is highest in tissues and organs that need the most energy to function, such as muscles, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys. As mitochondrial function declines, these same organs are at greatest risk of disease in older age, leading to lower quality of life.
As part of the normal energy production process, mitochondria release toxic byproducts and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that build up. The accumulation of ROS is faster when mitochondrial function is compromised. With too much ROS, mitochondrial damage and overall cellular damage occurs. Antioxidants, like glutathione, should offer protection against ROS, but glutathione levels also decline with age.
As glutathione and NAD levels decline and mitochondrial dysfunction increases, cell functioning becomes gradually impaired. It’s not noticeable immediately. It’s noticeable overtime. It becomes more obvious when the impact shows up on large tissues and organs. Early symptoms of the lower quality of life include lack of motivation, decline in daily energy levels, poor exercise stamina, and muscular strength decline. Overtime, if these declines in mitochondrial function are not controlled, conditions such as sarcopenia (muscle loss) or various cognitive diseases may develop.